CVE-2026-86429

commonmark before 2.9.1 Denial of Service via SmartPunct and Attributes

The league/commonmark (thephpleague/commonmark) library in versions >= 1.5.0 and < 2.9.1 contains quadratic parsing complexity in its SmartPunctExtension and AttributesExtension. When either extension is explicitly registered on the Environment (they are not enabled by default and are excluded from the standard CommonMark and GitHub-Flavored Markdown converters), an unauthenticated attacker can submit small, specially crafted Markdown documents — such as text alternating with unpaired quotes, contiguous runs of block-level attribute blocks, or repeated class attributes — to trigger disproportionate CPU consumption and cause a denial of service. Fixed in 2.9.1.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Thephpleague

Products

Commonmark

CVE-2026-44639

NanoMQ: O(N²) Denial of Service in MQTT v5 Property Parsing

NanoMQ is an MQTT broker. Prior to 0.24.14, NanoMQ's MQTT v5 property decoder in nng/src/supplemental/mqtt/mqtt_codec.c uses property_append() to walk the entire linked list for each property added by decode_buf_properties(). A remote unauthenticated client can supply a PUBLISH or SUBSCRIBE packet containing many User Properties, causing O(N²) linked-list insertion and CPU work that makes the broker unresponsive; repeated packets can sustain the denial of service. This issue is fixed in version 0.24.14.

CVSS 3.1 · 3.7 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Nanomq

Products

Nanomq

CVE-2026-92987

roxmltree through 0.21.1 Denial of Service via Quadratic Parsing

roxmltree through 0.21.1 performs quadratic-time attribute and namespace validation during XML parsing without limits on attribute count. Attackers can craft XML documents with tens of thousands of attributes on a single element to consume excessive CPU time and cause denial of service.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Razrfalcon

Products

Roxmltree

CVE-2026-82760

Superlinear base62 decoding exhausts CPU and memory in AshAuthentication API key sign-in

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in team-alembic AshAuthentication allows an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust CPU and memory via an oversized base62 segment in a submitted API key. AshAuthentication.Base.decode62/1 in lib/ash_authentication/base.ex splits its argument into one binary per character and folds it with charval62/2, which recomputes Integer.pow(62, index) at every position instead of accumulating by Horner's method, so cost grows roughly cubically in the input length. bindecode62/1 in the same module is quadratic through Integer.undigits/2 and Integer.digits/2. Neither function caps byte_size/1, and AshAuthentication.Strategy.ApiKey.SignInPreparation passes the underscore-separated segments of the submitted key straight into both, before any key lookup and without prior authentication. The surrounding rescue clauses catch exceptions, not CPU or memory exhaustion. This issue affects ash_authentication: from 4.8.0 before 4.15.0 and from 5.0.0-rc.0 before 5.0.0-rc.14.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.2 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Team-alembic

Products

Ash Authentication

CVE-2026-19668

Resource Exhaustion via Excessive DNSSEC Cryptographic Material Matching

A BIND recursive resolver may experience excessive resource consumption if it encounters large numbers of a particular kind of invalid DNSSEC record. Default limits on "max-records-per-type" and "max-types-per-name" help mitigate the exposure. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.18.50, 9.20.0 through 9.20.27, 9.21.0 through 9.21.25, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.18.50-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.27-S1.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Isc

Products

Bind

CVE-2026-90776

Nodemailer 9.1.0 through 10.0.4 Denial of Service via Quadratic Address Parsing

Nodemailer versions 9.1.0 through 10.0.4 contain a quadratic time complexity vulnerability in the addressparser component when parsing email addresses with RFC 5322 comments. Attackers can craft malicious email headers with comment-separated atoms to consume excessive CPU and block the Node.js event loop for several seconds, causing denial of service.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Nodemailer

Products

Nodemailer

CVE-2026-49250

Conform: parseSubmission vulnerable to CPU exhaustion when parsing many unique form fields

Conform, a type-safe form validation library, allows the parsing of nested objects in the form of object.property. From 1.8.0 until 1.19.4, the parseSubmission future API in packages/conform-dom/formdata.ts repeatedly scans FormData or URLSearchParams entries by each unique field name. An unauthenticated attacker can submit a crafted form containing many unique names, causing excessive synchronous CPU work and denial of service in an application that passes the submission to parseSubmission. Applications should continue to enforce request parsing limits before invoking Conform. This issue is fixed in version 1.19.4.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Edmundhung

Products

Conform

CVE-2026-40476

graphql-php: Denial of Service via quadratic complexity in OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation

graphql-go is a Go implementation of GraphQL. In versions 15.31.4 and below, the OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation rule performs O(n²) pairwise comparisons of fields sharing the same response name. An attacker can send a query with thousands of repeated identical fields, causing excessive CPU usage during validation before execution begins. This is not mitigated by existing QueryDepth or QueryComplexity rules. This issue has been fixed in version 15.31.5.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Webonyx

Products

Graphql-php

CVE-2026-87822

t-digest 3.1 through 3.3 Denial of Service via NaN Centroid Means in MergingDigest.fromBytes

t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Tdunning

Products

T-digest

CVE-2023-54395

PocketMine-MP before 4.12.5 Denial of Service via ModalFormResponsePacket

PocketMine-MP versions before 4.12.5 contain a denial-of-service vulnerability in ModalFormResponsePacket processing that allows attackers to cause server resource exhaustion by sending large JSON payloads. Attackers can send numerous oversized modal form response packets to consume CPU time and prevent the server from processing legitimate connections.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Pmmp

Products

Pocketmine-mp

CVE-2026-86435

commonmark 1.5.0 before 2.8.4 Denial of Service via Footnote

commonmark versions from 1.5.0 before 2.8.4 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the Footnote extension that fails to deduplicate footnote definitions. Attackers can craft documents with duplicate footnote definitions and references to create quadratic output expansion, consuming excessive memory and CPU to exhaust server resources.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Thephpleague

Products

Commonmark

CVE-2024-58382

league/commonmark before 2.6.0 Denial of Service via Quadratic Complexity

league/commonmark versions before 2.6.0 contain polynomial time complexity vulnerabilities in Markdown parsing that allow attackers to cause denial of service. Attackers can submit carefully crafted Markdown inputs designed to trigger worst-case performance, and sending multiple requests in parallel exhausts CPU resources and PHP-FPM processes.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Thephpleague

Products

Commonmark

CVE-2026-86433

commonmark 1.5.0 before 2.8.4 Denial of Service via Attributes

commonmark versions from 1.5.0 before 2.8.4 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the Attributes extension where AttributesListener::findTargetAndDirection() performs quadratic-time sibling list scanning. Unauthenticated attackers can submit approximately 32 KB of repeated attribute blocks to cause parsing to take over 5 seconds, exhausting server resources.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Thephpleague

Products

Commonmark

CVE-2026-86428

commonmark 1.5.0 before 2.10.0 Denial of Service via Attributes

commonmark versions from 1.5.0 before 2.10.0 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the AttributesExtension when processing distinctly-named attributes. Attackers can submit Markdown with numerous distinct attribute names to cause quadratic-time attribute merging and filtering, consuming disproportionate CPU resources and preventing legitimate requests from completing.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Thephpleague

Products

Commonmark

CVE-2026-82729

Quadratic chunk-size parsing in Mint.HTTP1.Parse allows CPU-exhaustion DoS

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in elixir-mint mint allows a remote HTTP server to exhaust CPU on the client host and cause a denial of service. parse_hex_prefix/2 in lib/mint/http1/parse.ex folds each hex digit of a chunked response's chunk-size field into an arbitrary-precision accumulator with acc * 16 + digit and imposes no limit on the digit count. Because the accumulator grows without bound, the multiplication is not constant time and one pass over N digits costs O(N squared). handle_data/2 prepends conn.buffer and re-parses from the start on every socket message, so a server that dribbles the digits out in small packets makes the client pay that cost repeatedly. A run of roughly 512,000 hex digits costs over ten seconds of CPU in a single pass, measured on stock defaults. The parser reaches this state after a valid status line and a complete, valid header section, so an intermediary inspecting only headers sees an ordinary 200 response. This issue affects mint: from 1.9.3 before 1.10.0.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Elixir-mint

Products

Mint

CVE-2026-71429

stream-json: pick/ignore/filter/replace filters are O(depth²) on nested input — small crafted JSON blocks the event loop for seconds→minutes (DoS)

stream-json is a micro-library of stream components for processing JSON and JSONC with a minimal memory footprint. Prior to 3.5.0, the path filters pick, ignore, filter, and replace in src/core/filters/filter-base.js recompute the full path string from the nesting stack for every checkable token. Because the stack length equals the current nesting depth and a checkable token is emitted at every level, a depth D document costs O(D²) rather than O(D) to process. The issue is triggered by nesting depth rather than byte volume, including the documented pick({filter: 'data'}) traversal-until-match path, so an application that sends untrusted JSON through a string or RegExp filter can block the Node.js event loop and cause denial of service with a small deeply nested document. The streamArray, streamObject, and streamValues streamers are not affected because they use the constant-time asm.depth getter. This issue is fixed in version 3.5.0.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.2 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Uhop

Products

Stream-json

CVE-2026-83613

xmldom: Quadratic-time attribute deduplication

xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. Prior to @xmldom/xmldom versions 0.8.15 and 0.9.12, and in xmldom version 0.6.0 and earlier, DOMHandler.startElement in lib/dom-parser.js inserts every parsed attribute through setAttributeNode, while NamedNodeMap.setNamedItem in lib/dom.js calls the linear getNamedItem or getNamedItemNS lookup for each insertion. A well-formed element with many distinct attributes therefore requires quadratic comparisons during DOMParser.parseFromString() and can stall a Node.js event loop before application validation. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom versions 0.8.15 and 0.9.12; no fixed version is available for xmldom.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Xmldom

Products

Xmldom

CVE-2026-84378

HTTPX2: Quadratic SSE line buffering can cause CPU denial of service

HTTPX2 is a next generation HTTP client for Python. From 2.5.0 until 2.10.0, the HTTPX2 Server-Sent Events parser in src/httpx2/httpx2/_sse.py repeatedly copies and rescans buffered text in _SSELineDecoder.decode() when an attacker-controlled or compromised SSE endpoint splits one unterminated line across many response chunks. The behavior affects httpx2.Client.sse() and httpx2.AsyncClient.sse(), and the total processing work grows quadratically with the line length, allowing a crafted stream to consume excessive CPU and block a synchronous worker or asynchronous event loop. This issue is fixed in version 2.10.0.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Pydantic

Products

Httpx2

CVE-2026-58059

Quadratic-time escaping when stringifying X.500 distinguished names

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, Quadratic-time escaping when stringifying X.500 distinguished names. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.3 (2.1.X series).

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Bouncycastle Legion Of The Bouncy Castle Inc.

Products

Bc-java Bouncy Castle For Java Lts Fips Java Api and 3 more

CVE-2026-72663

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Kibana Leading to Denial of Service

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity (CWE-407) in Kibana can lead to denial of service via Input Data Manipulation (CAPEC-153). A specially crafted, deeply nested expression submitted to a Kibana TSVB visualization is evaluated with a worst-case cost that grows disproportionately with the size of the input. Because the evaluation runs synchronously, a single request consumes the Kibana request-processing thread indefinitely, and Kibana stops responding to all further requests until the service is restarted.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Vendors

Elastic

Products

Kibana