CVE-2023-53635

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As a result,\n `nfct_time_stamp` was wrongly subtracted.\n\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl\n ctnetlink_dump_timeout\n __ctnetlink_glue_build\n ctnetlink_glue_build\n __nfqnl_enqueue_packet\n nf_queue\n nf_hook_slow\n ip_mc_output\n ? __pfx_ip_finish_output\n ip_send_skb\n ? __pfx_dst_output\n udp_send_skb\n udp_sendmsg\n ? __pfx_ip_generic_getfrag\n sock_sendmsg\n\nSeparate the 2 cases in:\n- Setting `ct->timeout` in __nf_ct_set_timeout().\n- Getting `ct->timeout` in ctnetlink_dump_timeout().\n\nPablo appends:\n\nUpdate ctnetlink to set up the timeout _after_ the IPS_CONFIRMED flag is\nset on, otherwise conntrack creation via ctnetlink breaks.\n\nNote that the problem described in this patch occurs since the\nintroduction of the nfnetlink_queue conntrack support, select a\nsufficiently old Fixes: tag for -stable kernel to pick up this fix."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The corruption occurs in the conntrack packet path \u2014 every new flow traversing an NFQUEUE-with-conntrack ruleset (IPS/firewall daemons) or a tc/XDP conntrack BPF program gets its `ct->timeout` mangled during `nf_hook_slow`/`nf_confirm` processing of received packets. A remote peer sending traffic to such a host drives the enqueue/verdict/confirm cycle and controls the rate at which broken entries accumulate.\nAC:L - The double-add of `nfct_time_stamp` is deterministic for every unconfirmed conntrack whose timeout is set, with no race, memory-layout, or timing dependency; the attacker simply generates new flows. Scoring the vulnerable (queue/BPF conntrack-enabled) deployment, no condition lies outside the attacker's control.\nPR:N - On a host running a conntrack-aware NFQUEUE daemon or BPF conntrack program, unauthenticated remote packets are sufficient to create the mis-timed entries \u2014 no credentials on the target are needed. Even in the purely local framing, the nfnetlink gate is `netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which is namespace-scoped and reachable by an unprivileged user via `unshare -Urn`.\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely driven by network traffic and the kernel's own enqueue/verdict/confirm cycle; no victim action of any kind is required.\nS:U - The corrupted state (`ct->timeout`) and its effects stay within the kernel networking subsystem's own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - No kernel memory is read out of bounds and no sensitive data is exposed; the only wrong value returned is a bogus timeout in `ctnetlink_dump_timeout()`, delivered to an already-privileged queue daemon and derived from `jiffies`, which is not sensitive.\nI:L - The bug writes an incorrect lifetime into kernel-managed connection-tracking state, so tracked flows either persist far past their policy-mandated expiry (keeping stateful `ESTABLISHED` acceptance and NAT bindings alive) or vanish immediately, altering the firewall policy the kernel enforces. The modification is limited and its resulting value is not attacker-chosen.\nA:H - Entries that never age out fill the conntrack table, after which the host drops all new connections (`nf_conntrack: table full`) and the condition persists for days rather than the configured 30\u2013120 s; in the opposite regime every new entry is expired at confirmation, breaking stateful filtering and NAT for all traffic. Either outcome is a complete loss of the host's networking availability."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.h", "net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c"], "versions": [{"version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "80c5ba0078e20d926d11d0778f9a43902664ebf0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "ff5e4ac8dd7be7f1faba955c5779a68571eeb0f8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "f612ae1ab4793701caf39386fb3b7f4b3ef44e48", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "73db1b8f2bb6725b7391e85aab41fdf592b3c0c1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.h", "net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.4", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.4", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.28", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.2.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.3.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.28"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.2.15"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.2"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.4"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80c5ba0078e20d926d11d0778f9a43902664ebf0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff5e4ac8dd7be7f1faba955c5779a68571eeb0f8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f612ae1ab4793701caf39386fb3b7f4b3ef44e48"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73db1b8f2bb6725b7391e85aab41fdf592b3c0c1"}], "title": "netfilter: conntrack: fix wrong ct->timeout value", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2023-53635", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:36:08.236702Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:32.395Z"}}]}}

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A remote peer sending traffic to such a host drives the enqueue/verdict/confirm cycle and controls the rate at which broken entries accumulate.\nAC:L - The double-add of `nfct_time_stamp` is deterministic for every unconfirmed conntrack whose timeout is set, with no race, memory-layout, or timing dependency; the attacker simply generates new flows. Scoring the vulnerable (queue/BPF conntrack-enabled) deployment, no condition lies outside the attacker's control.\nPR:N - On a host running a conntrack-aware NFQUEUE daemon or BPF conntrack program, unauthenticated remote packets are sufficient to create the mis-timed entries \u2014 no credentials on the target are needed. Even in the purely local framing, the nfnetlink gate is `netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which is namespace-scoped and reachable by an unprivileged user via `unshare -Urn`.\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely driven by network traffic and the kernel's own enqueue/verdict/confirm cycle; no victim action of any kind is required.\nS:U - The corrupted state (`ct->timeout`) and its effects stay within the kernel networking subsystem's own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - No kernel memory is read out of bounds and no sensitive data is exposed; the only wrong value returned is a bogus timeout in `ctnetlink_dump_timeout()`, delivered to an already-privileged queue daemon and derived from `jiffies`, which is not sensitive.\nI:L - The bug writes an incorrect lifetime into kernel-managed connection-tracking state, so tracked flows either persist far past their policy-mandated expiry (keeping stateful `ESTABLISHED` acceptance and NAT bindings alive) or vanish immediately, altering the firewall policy the kernel enforces. The modification is limited and its resulting value is not attacker-chosen.\nA:H - Entries that never age out fill the conntrack table, after which the host drops all new connections (`nf_conntrack: table full`) and the condition persists for days rather than the configured 30\u2013120 s; in the opposite regime every new entry is expired at confirmation, breaking stateful filtering and NAT for all traffic. Either outcome is a complete loss of the host's networking availability."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "80c5ba0078e20d926d11d0778f9a43902664ebf0", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "ff5e4ac8dd7be7f1faba955c5779a68571eeb0f8", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "f612ae1ab4793701caf39386fb3b7f4b3ef44e48", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a4b4766c3cebb4018167e06b863d8e95b7274757", "lessThan": "73db1b8f2bb6725b7391e85aab41fdf592b3c0c1", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.h", "net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.4"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.4", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.28", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.2.15", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.3.2", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.4", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.h", "net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80c5ba0078e20d926d11d0778f9a43902664ebf0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff5e4ac8dd7be7f1faba955c5779a68571eeb0f8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f612ae1ab4793701caf39386fb3b7f4b3ef44e48"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73db1b8f2bb6725b7391e85aab41fdf592b3c0c1"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: conntrack: fix wrong ct->timeout value\n\n(struct nf_conn)->timeout is an interval before the conntrack\nconfirmed. After confirmed, it becomes a timestamp.\n\nIt is observed that timeout of an unconfirmed conntrack:\n- Set by calling ctnetlink_change_timeout(). As a result,\n `nfct_time_stamp` was wrongly added to `ct->timeout` twice.\n- Get by calling ctnetlink_dump_timeout(). As a result,\n `nfct_time_stamp` was wrongly subtracted.\n\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl\n ctnetlink_dump_timeout\n __ctnetlink_glue_build\n ctnetlink_glue_build\n __nfqnl_enqueue_packet\n nf_queue\n nf_hook_slow\n ip_mc_output\n ? __pfx_ip_finish_output\n ip_send_skb\n ? __pfx_dst_output\n udp_send_skb\n udp_sendmsg\n ? __pfx_ip_generic_getfrag\n sock_sendmsg\n\nSeparate the 2 cases in:\n- Setting `ct->timeout` in __nf_ct_set_timeout().\n- Getting `ct->timeout` in ctnetlink_dump_timeout().\n\nPablo appends:\n\nUpdate ctnetlink to set up the timeout _after_ the IPS_CONFIRMED flag is\nset on, otherwise conntrack creation via ctnetlink breaks.\n\nNote that the problem described in this patch occurs since the\nintroduction of the nfnetlink_queue conntrack support, select a\nsufficiently old Fixes: tag for -stable kernel to pick up this fix."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.28", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.2.15", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.2", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.4", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:15:15.798Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-53635", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:32.395Z", "dateReserved": "2025-10-07T15:16:59.657Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-10-07T15:19:36.973Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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After confirmed, it becomes a timestamp.\n\nIt is observed that timeout of an unconfirmed conntrack:\n- Set by calling ctnetlink_change_timeout(). As a result,\n `nfct_time_stamp` was wrongly added to `ct->timeout` twice.\n- Get by calling ctnetlink_dump_timeout(). As a result,\n `nfct_time_stamp` was wrongly subtracted.\n\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl\n ctnetlink_dump_timeout\n __ctnetlink_glue_build\n ctnetlink_glue_build\n __nfqnl_enqueue_packet\n nf_queue\n nf_hook_slow\n ip_mc_output\n ? __pfx_ip_finish_output\n ip_send_skb\n ? __pfx_dst_output\n udp_send_skb\n udp_sendmsg\n ? __pfx_ip_generic_getfrag\n sock_sendmsg\n\nSeparate the 2 cases in:\n- Setting `ct->timeout` in __nf_ct_set_timeout().\n- Getting `ct->timeout` in ctnetlink_dump_timeout().\n\nPablo appends:\n\nUpdate ctnetlink to set up the timeout _after_ the IPS_CONFIRMED flag is\nset on, otherwise conntrack creation via ctnetlink breaks.\n\nNote that the problem described in this patch occurs since the\nintroduction of the nfnetlink_queue conntrack support, select a\nsufficiently old Fixes: tag for -stable kernel to pick up this fix."}], "id": "CVE-2023-53635", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:17:44.927", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 4.2, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2023-53635", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:36:08.236702Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-10-07T16:15:46.643", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73db1b8f2bb6725b7391e85aab41fdf592b3c0c1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80c5ba0078e20d926d11d0778f9a43902664ebf0"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f612ae1ab4793701caf39386fb3b7f4b3ef44e48"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff5e4ac8dd7be7f1faba955c5779a68571eeb0f8"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: netfilter: conntrack: fix wrong ct->timeout value", "id": "2402285", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2402285"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2023-53635", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:rhivos:1", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat In-Vehicle Operating System 1"}], "public_date": "2025-10-07T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53635\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53635\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025100714-CVE-2023-53635-de6f@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"created": "2025-10-08T13:37:01.930374+00:00", "updated": "2025-10-08T13:37:01.930400+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}