CVE-2025-40172

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40172", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.177Z", "datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:53:49.245Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:17.861Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:17.861Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\naccel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()\n\nCurrently, if find_and_map_user_pages() takes a DMA xfer request from the\nuser with a length field set to 0, or in a rare case, the host receives\nQAIC_TRANS_DMA_XFER_CONT from the device where resources->xferred_dma_size\nis equal to the requested transaction size, the function will return 0\nbefore allocating an sgt or setting the fields of the dma_xfer struct.\nIn that case, encode_addr_size_pairs() will try to access the sgt which\nwill lead to a general protection fault.\n\nReturn an EINVAL in case the user provides a zero-sized ALP, or the device\nrequests continuation after all of the bytes have been transferred."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only via the DRM_IOCTL_QAIC_MANAGE ioctl on the local accel character device /dev/accel/accelN, requiring local system access. There is no network-facing path into qaic_manage_ioctl().\nAC:L - A single ioctl carrying a QAIC_TRANS_DMA_XFER_FROM_USR transaction with the user-controlled size field set to 0 deterministically makes find_and_map_user_pages() return 0 with xfer->sgt/page_list/nr_pages uninitialized; no race and no attacker-independent condition is involved. Grooming the kmalloc-64 slab so the stale sgt is a usable pointer is fully under attacker control via a preceding legitimate DMA xfer.\nPR:L - The QAIC_MANAGE ioctl is registered with flags 0 \u2014 no DRM_ROOT_ONLY, no CAP_SYS_ADMIN, and no DRM_AUTH check \u2014 so any unprivileged process able to open the accel node (the normal case for inference/compute workloads and containers on AIC100 hosts) can trigger it. No capability is verified anywhere along encode_message() \u2192 encode_dma() \u2192 find_and_map_user_pages().\nUI:N - The attacker issues the ioctl directly from their own process; no victim action, mount, or file open is needed.\nS:U - The uninitialized-pointer use and resulting corruption occur within the kernel's own security authority, the same authority the attacker escalates into. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed as a required part of the impact.\nC:H - Using uninitialized heap memory as a struct sg_table pointer causes reads of arbitrary kernel memory via sgt->nents and the sg walk, and those harvested sg_dma_address/sg_dma_len values are encoded into the message sent to the accelerator, disclosing kernel-controlled DMA addresses off-host to the device. The resulting stale-pointer/double-free state is a general heap corruption primitive leveragable for arbitrary read.\nI:H - free_dma_xfers() unconditionally performs dma_unmap_sgtable(), sg_free_table(), kfree() on the uninitialized sgt and put_page()/kfree() over the uninitialized page_list and nr_pages, yielding arbitrary/double free and page refcount underflow on attacker-groomed pointers. Combined with feeding attacker-influenced addresses to the device's DMA engine, this is exploitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The commit itself documents that encode_addr_size_pairs() dereferences the unset sgt and produces a general protection fault, i.e. a kernel oops/panic, and it is triggerable repeatedly by any local user with device access. The double-free and page refcount corruption paths cause further fatal kernel faults."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/accel/qaic/qaic_control.c"], "versions": [{"version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "lessThan": "48b1d42286bfef7628b1d6c8c28d4e456c90f725", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "lessThan": "551f1dfbcb7f3e6ed07f9d6c8c1c64337fcd0ede", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "lessThan": "1ab9733d14cc9987cc5dcd1f0ad1f416e302e2e6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "lessThan": "11f08c30a3e4157305ba692f1d44cca5fc9a8fca", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "d410a96e5cb8c1ec7049c83f2edcd8bbfaf5d9b3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.4.12", "lessThan": "6.5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/accel/qaic/qaic_control.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.5", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.55", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.4.12"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48b1d42286bfef7628b1d6c8c28d4e456c90f725"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/551f1dfbcb7f3e6ed07f9d6c8c1c64337fcd0ede"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ab9733d14cc9987cc5dcd1f0ad1f416e302e2e6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11f08c30a3e4157305ba692f1d44cca5fc9a8fca"}], "title": "accel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/accel/qaic/qaic_control.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "48b1d42286bfef7628b1d6c8c28d4e456c90f725", "status": "affected", "version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "551f1dfbcb7f3e6ed07f9d6c8c1c64337fcd0ede", "status": "affected", "version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "1ab9733d14cc9987cc5dcd1f0ad1f416e302e2e6", "status": "affected", "version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "11f08c30a3e4157305ba692f1d44cca5fc9a8fca", "status": "affected", "version": "96d3c1cadedb6ae2e8965e19cd12caa244afbd9c", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d410a96e5cb8c1ec7049c83f2edcd8bbfaf5d9b3", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6.5", "status": "affected", "version": "6.4.12", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/accel/qaic/qaic_control.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.5"}, {"lessThan": "6.5", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.55", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\naccel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()\n\nCurrently, if find_and_map_user_pages() takes a DMA xfer request from the\nuser with a length field set to 0, or in a rare case, the host receives\nQAIC_TRANS_DMA_XFER_CONT from the device where resources->xferred_dma_size\nis equal to the requested transaction size, the function will return 0\nbefore allocating an sgt or setting the fields of the dma_xfer struct.\nIn that case, encode_addr_size_pairs() will try to access the sgt which\nwill lead to a general protection fault.\n\nReturn an EINVAL in case the user provides a zero-sized ALP, or the device\nrequests continuation after all of the bytes have been transferred."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\naccel/qaic: Tratar \u201cremaining == 0\u201d como error en \u201cfind_and_map_user_pages()\u201d\n\nActualmente, si \u201cfind_and_map_user_pages()\u201d recibe una solicitud de transferencia DMA del usuario con un campo de longitud establecido en 0, o en un caso raro, el host recibe \u201cQAIC_TRANS_DMA_XFER_CONT\u201d del dispositivo donde \u201cresources->xferred_dma_size\u201d es igual al tama\u00f1o de transacci\u00f3n solicitado, la funci\u00f3n devolver\u00e1 0 antes de asignar un \u201csgt\u201d o establecer los campos de la estructura \u201cdma_xfer\u201d. En ese caso, \u201cencode_addr_size_pairs()\u201d intentar\u00e1 acceder al \u201csgt\u201d, lo que provocar\u00e1 un fallo de protecci\u00f3n general.\n\nDevolver un \u201cEINVAL\u201d en caso de que el usuario proporcione un ALP de tama\u00f1o cero, o el dispositivo solicite una continuaci\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de que todos los bytes hayan sido transferidos."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40172", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2025-11-12T11:15:47.643", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11f08c30a3e4157305ba692f1d44cca5fc9a8fca"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ab9733d14cc9987cc5dcd1f0ad1f416e302e2e6"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48b1d42286bfef7628b1d6c8c28d4e456c90f725"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/551f1dfbcb7f3e6ed07f9d6c8c1c64337fcd0ede"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: accel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()", "id": "2414513", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414513"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\naccel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()\nCurrently, if find_and_map_user_pages() takes a DMA xfer request from the\nuser with a length field set to 0, or in a rare case, the host receives\nQAIC_TRANS_DMA_XFER_CONT from the device where resources->xferred_dma_size\nis equal to the requested transaction size, the function will return 0\nbefore allocating an sgt or setting the fields of the dma_xfer struct.\nIn that case, encode_addr_size_pairs() will try to access the sgt which\nwill lead to a general protection fault.\nReturn an EINVAL in case the user provides a zero-sized ALP, or the device\nrequests continuation after all of the bytes have been transferred."], "name": "CVE-2025-40172", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40172\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40172\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025111254-CVE-2025-40172-f3b8@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-11-12T22:12:18.312600+00:00", "updated": "2025-11-12T22:12:18.312626+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}