{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40778", "assignerOrgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "isc", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T08:44:49.857Z", "datePublished": "2025-10-22T15:47:13.243Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T16:57:13.134Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22", "shortName": "isc", "dateUpdated": "2025-10-22T15:47:13.243Z"}, "title": "Cache poisoning attacks with unsolicited RRs", "datePublic": "2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z", "affected": [{"vendor": "ISC", "product": "BIND 9", "versions": [{"version": "9.11.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.50", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "9.18.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.39", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "9.20.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.20.13", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "9.21.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.21.12", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "9.11.3-S1", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.50-S1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "9.18.11-S1", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.39-S1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "9.20.9-S1", "lessThanOrEqual": "9.20.13-S1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "custom"}], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "CHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N", "baseScore": 8.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-349", "description": "CWE-349 Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data"}]}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Under certain circumstances, BIND is too lenient when accepting records from answers, allowing an attacker to inject forged data into the cache.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.50, 9.18.0 through 9.18.39, 9.20.0 through 9.20.13, 9.21.0 through 9.21.12, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.50-S1, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.39-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.13-S1."}], "impacts": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Forged records can be injected into cache during a query, which can potentially affect resolution of future queries."}]}], "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "value": "No workarounds known."}], "exploits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "We are not aware of any active exploits."}], "solutions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND 9: 9.18.41, 9.20.15, 9.21.14, 9.18.41-S1, or 9.20.15-S1."}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "ISC would like to thank Yuxiao Wu, Yunyi Zhang, Baojun Liu, and Haixin Duan from Tsinghua University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention."}], "references": [{"url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2025-40778", "name": "CVE-2025-40778", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"]}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "x_generator": {"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-40778", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2025-11-07T04:56:12.747619Z"}}}], "references": [{"url": "https://gist.github.com/N3mes1s/f76b4a606308937b0806a5256bc1f918", "tags": ["exploit"]}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T16:57:13.134Z"}}, {"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/22/1"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:10:14.114Z"}}]}}

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{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Under certain circumstances, BIND is too lenient when accepting records from answers, allowing an attacker to inject forged data into the cache.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.50, 9.18.0 through 9.18.39, 9.20.0 through 9.20.13, 9.21.0 through 9.21.12, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.50-S1, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.39-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.13-S1."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40778", "lastModified": "2025-11-04T22:16:11.677", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 4.0, "source": "security-officer@isc.org", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2025-10-22T16:15:42.520", "references": [{"source": "security-officer@isc.org", "url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2025-40778"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/22/1"}, {"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "url": "https://gist.github.com/N3mes1s/f76b4a606308937b0806a5256bc1f918"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-officer@isc.org", "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-349"}], "source": "security-officer@isc.org", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "bind: Cache poisoning attacks with unsolicited RRs", "id": "2405827", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2405827"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "8.6", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-347", "details": ["A vulnerability exists in BIND\u2019s DNS resolver logic that makes it overly permissive when accepting resource records (RRs) in responses. Under certain conditions, this flaw allows attackers to inject unsolicited or forged DNS records into the cache. This can be exploited to poison the resolver cache, redirecting clients to malicious domains or unauthorized servers."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.\nTo reduce risk, restrict recursive queries to trusted or internal networks only, and apply rate limiting or firewall rules to prevent excessive or repetitive requests. Enabling DNSSEC validation helps reject forged records, while isolating recursive resolvers from authoritative servers limits the impact of potential cache poisoning. Active monitoring of CPU usage, query volume, and cache anomalies can provide early warning of abuse or attacks."}, "name": "CVE-2025-40778", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind9.16", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "bind9.18", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "dhcp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhcos", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2025-10-22T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40778\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40778"], "statement": "It is classified as Important rather than Critical because its impact is limited to cache poisoning within recursive resolvers and does not allow direct code execution, privilege escalation, or service disruption. The vulnerability affects the accuracy of DNS responses, but not the availability or confidentiality of systems. Additionally, DNSSEC-enabled deployments and restricted recursive access can significantly mitigate exploitation risks. Therefore, while the flaw can misdirect network traffic and compromise trust in name resolution, it does not directly compromise the underlying server or client systems, justifying an Important \u2014 but not Critical \u2014 severity rating.\nTechnical Analysis:\nThe issue arises because BIND fails to strictly validate unsolicited resource records accompanying legitimate DNS responses. This gap allows forged recursive resolvers to be cached as valid entries. Since the attack is remote, requires no authentication, and exploits a low-complexity vector, it is highly impactful in recursive resolver environments\u2014especially those exposed to untrusted clients or open resolvers.", "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"created": "2025-10-23T09:59:10.158473+00:00", "updated": "2025-10-23T09:59:10.158499+00:00", "vendors": ["isc", "isc$PRODUCT$bind_9"]}