A heap‑based buffer overflow flaw exists in the Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) that allows an unauthorized local attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerability is classified as CWE‑122, indicating a classic heap overflow that may bypass normal bounds checks. The impact is system integrity, enabling the attacker to run code with the privileges of the current user or higher depending on the execution context.

The vulnerability affects all Microsoft Windows releases listed in the CNA product list: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607, Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809, Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2, Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2, Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2, Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2, Microsoft Windows 11 Version 26H1, Microsoft Windows Server 2016, Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation), Microsoft Windows Server 2019, Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation), Microsoft Windows Server 2022, Microsoft Windows Server 2025, and Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation).

The CVSS score of 7.8 places the vulnerability in the high severity band. The EPSS score is less than 1%, indicating a very low likelihood of widespread exploitation at the present time, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. The description indicates that the exploit requires local access; based on the information provided, it is inferred that the attacker would need privileges sufficient to manipulate ReFS volumes, but explicit exploitation prerequisites are not specified in the CVE data.