CVE-2023-53338

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When this happens, skbs that have been freed would\ncontinue to the neighbor subsystem, causing use-after-free bug and\nkernel crashes.\n\nTo fix the incorrect behavior, skb_do_redirect return values can be\nsimply discarded, the same as tc-egress behavior. On the other hand,\nbpf_lwt_xmit_reroute returns useful errors to local senders, e.g. PMTU\ninformation. Thus convert its return values to avoid the conflict with\nLWTUNNEL_XMIT_CONTINUE."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - On hosts with LWT BPF xmit routes (e.g. edge/CDN forwarders), remote packets that are forwarded or that induce local replies reach ip(6)_finish_output2 \u2192 lwtunnel_xmit \u2192 bpf_xmit, so an unauthenticated network peer drives the vulnerable path.\nAC:L - LWT BPF xmit programs routinely return BPF_REDIRECT or BPF_LWT_REROUTE; skb_do_redirect/dst_output then yield positive NET_XMIT_*/NETDEV_TX_* statuses (e.g. NET_XMIT_CN under load) that the attacker can provoke by sending traffic, with no condition outside their control.\nPR:N - Once an LWT BPF xmit route is configured, no credentials are required\u2014any remote peer whose packets traverse that route reaches the bug; local unprivileged traffic generation likewise needs no elevated privileges.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only attacker-generated traffic against an already-configured LWT BPF route; no victim or administrator action is needed at exploit time.\nS:U - The use-after-free and any resulting privilege escalation remain within the host kernel's security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The bug is a use-after-free of a consumed skb that continues into the neighbor subsystem; reclaiming and spraying that object enables arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same skb UAF in neigh_output provides heap corruption suitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack, i.e. full kernel integrity compromise.\nA:H - Continuing a freed skb into neigh_output reliably causes kernel oops/panic, as documented in the fix and reproduced by the LWT redirect selftests."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": 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At the xmit hook, such return\nvalues would be treated implicitly as LWTUNNEL_XMIT_CONTINUE in\nip(6)_finish_output2. When this happens, skbs that have been freed would\ncontinue to the neighbor subsystem, causing use-after-free bug and\nkernel crashes.\n\nTo fix the incorrect behavior, skb_do_redirect return values can be\nsimply discarded, the same as tc-egress behavior. On the other hand,\nbpf_lwt_xmit_reroute returns useful errors to local senders, e.g. PMTU\ninformation. Thus convert its return values to avoid the conflict with\nLWTUNNEL_XMIT_CONTINUE."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.257", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.195", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.132", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.53", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.16", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.3", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2025-09-17T14:56:32.302Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-53338", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:43:01.329Z", "dateReserved": "2025-09-16T16:08:59.565Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-09-17T14:56:32.302Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/core/lwt_bpf.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "67f8f2bae8e7ac72e09def2b667e44704c4d1ee1", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "a97f221651fcdc891166e9bc270e3d9bfa5a0080", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "e3f647e4b642f9f6d32795a16f92c116c138d2af", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "065d5f17096ec9161180e2c890afdff4dc6125f2", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "d68c17402442f5f494a2c3ebde5cb82f6aa9160a", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "65583f9e070db7bece20710cfa2e3daeb0b831d9", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "29b22badb7a84b783e3a4fffca16f7768fb31205", "status": "affected", "version": "3a0af8fd61f90920f6fa04e4f1e9a6a73c1b4fd2", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/core/lwt_bpf.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.10"}, {"lessThan": "4.10", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.4.257", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.195", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.132", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.4.16", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.5.3", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F6400FF2-6C61-406C-BF6B-187E813FA31A", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.257", "versionStartIncluding": "4.10", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "C385B650-53DB-4BFB-83D1-1D8FADF653EF", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.195", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5913891D-409A-4EEC-9231-F2EF5A493BC7", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.132", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "B20754AF-3B8C-4574-A70D-EC24933810E5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.53", "versionStartIncluding": "5.16", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "C3039EA3-F6CA-43EF-9F17-81A7EC6841EF", "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.16", "versionStartIncluding": "6.2", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "880C803A-BEAE-4DA0-8A59-AC023F7B4EE3", "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.3", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nlwt: Fix return values of BPF xmit ops\n\nBPF encap ops can return different types of positive values, such like\nNET_RX_DROP, NET_XMIT_CN, NETDEV_TX_BUSY, and so on, from function\nskb_do_redirect and bpf_lwt_xmit_reroute. At the xmit hook, such return\nvalues would be treated implicitly as LWTUNNEL_XMIT_CONTINUE in\nip(6)_finish_output2. When this happens, skbs that have been freed would\ncontinue to the neighbor subsystem, causing use-after-free bug and\nkernel crashes.\n\nTo fix the incorrect behavior, skb_do_redirect return values can be\nsimply discarded, the same as tc-egress behavior. On the other hand,\nbpf_lwt_xmit_reroute returns useful errors to local senders, e.g. PMTU\ninformation. Thus convert its return values to avoid the conflict with\nLWTUNNEL_XMIT_CONTINUE."}], "id": "CVE-2023-53338", "lastModified": "2026-08-04T10:19:02.720", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2023-53338", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:38:11.999922Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-09-17T15:15:36.913", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/065d5f17096ec9161180e2c890afdff4dc6125f2"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/29b22badb7a84b783e3a4fffca16f7768fb31205"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65583f9e070db7bece20710cfa2e3daeb0b831d9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67f8f2bae8e7ac72e09def2b667e44704c4d1ee1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a97f221651fcdc891166e9bc270e3d9bfa5a0080"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d68c17402442f5f494a2c3ebde5cb82f6aa9160a"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e3f647e4b642f9f6d32795a16f92c116c138d2af"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: lwt: Fix return values of BPF xmit ops", "id": "2396141", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2396141"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2023-53338", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-09-17T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53338\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53338\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025091718-CVE-2023-53338-8224@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{"created": "2025-09-18T11:59:09.314247+00:00", "updated": "2025-09-18T11:59:09.314315+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}