Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

md/raid1,raid10: don't ignore IO flags

If blk-wbt is enabled by default, it's found that raid write performance
is quite bad because all IO are throttled by wbt of underlying disks,
due to flag REQ_IDLE is ignored. And turns out this behaviour exist since
blk-wbt is introduced.

Other than REQ_IDLE, other flags should not be ignored as well, for
example REQ_META can be set for filesystems, clearing it can cause priority
reverse problems; And REQ_NOWAIT should not be cleared as well, because
io will wait instead of failing directly in underlying disks.

Fix those problems by keep IO flags from master bio.

Fises: f51d46d0e7cb ("md: add support for REQ_NOWAIT")
Published: 2025-04-16
Score: 5.5 Medium
EPSS: < 1% Very Low
KEV: No
Impact: n/a
Action: n/a
AI Analysis

Impact

In the Linux kernel, a flaw was identified in the md/raid1 and raid10 drivers where certain I/O flags such as REQ_IDLE, REQ_META, and REQ_NOWAIT were ignored. This oversight caused write operations to be throttled by block write‑back throttling (wbt), leading to poor write performance and, in some cases, incorrect timing behavior. The result is a moderate degradation in system performance and a risk that blocked or delayed writes may not complete as expected, potentially affecting application reliability.

Affected Systems

All versions of the Linux kernel that include the md/raid1 and raid10 subsystems are subject to this issue, as the flaw has existed since the introduction of blk-wbt. The specific product is the open‑source Linux kernel; no further version specificity is available from the CNA data.

Risk and Exploitability

The CVSS score of 5.5 reflects medium severity, and the EPSS score of less than 1% indicates a very low probability of exploitation. The vulnerability is not listed in CISA’s KEV catalog. It requires local access to the kernel, typically involving a user or process interacting with mdraid devices, and exploits the kernel’s handling of I/O flags. There is no known remote exploitation vector, so the risk is primarily limited to environments where malicious users can influence I/O behavior on the host.

Generated by OpenCVE AI on May 1, 2026 at 10:04 UTC.

Remediation

No vendor fix or workaround currently provided.

OpenCVE Recommended Actions

  • Update the Linux kernel to a version that includes the commit f51d46d0e7cb, which restores the ignored I/O flags.
  • If an immediate kernel upgrade is not possible, temporarily disable blk-wbt or ensure that workloads avoid setting REQ_IDLE, REQ_META, or REQ_NOWAIT flags.
  • Review any custom or third‑party modules that interact with md/raid1 or raid10 to confirm they set the correct flags before initiating I/O, preventing unintended throttling or blocking.

Generated by OpenCVE AI on May 1, 2026 at 10:04 UTC.

Tracking

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Advisories
Source ID Title
Debian DSA Debian DSA DSA-6008-1 linux security update
EUVD EUVD EUVD-2025-11171 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/raid1,raid10: don't ignore IO flags If blk-wbt is enabled by default, it's found that raid write performance is quite bad because all IO are throttled by wbt of underlying disks, due to flag REQ_IDLE is ignored. And turns out this behaviour exist since blk-wbt is introduced. Other than REQ_IDLE, other flags should not be ignored as well, for example REQ_META can be set for filesystems, clearing it can cause priority reverse problems; And REQ_NOWAIT should not be cleared as well, because io will wait instead of failing directly in underlying disks. Fix those problems by keep IO flags from master bio. Fises: f51d46d0e7cb ("md: add support for REQ_NOWAIT")
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7594-1 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7594-2 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7594-3 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8095-1 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8095-2 Linux kernel (FIPS) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8100-1 Linux kernel (NVIDIA) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8095-3 Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8095-4 Linux kernel (AWS) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8125-1 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8126-1 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8095-5 Linux kernel (Raspberry Pi) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8165-1 Linux kernel (Azure FIPS) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8261-1 Linux kernel (Xilinx) vulnerabilities
History

Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:15:00 +0000


Mon, 03 Nov 2025 18:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
First Time appeared Linux
Linux linux Kernel
Weaknesses NVD-CWE-noinfo
CPEs cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Linux
Linux linux Kernel

Tue, 09 Sep 2025 17:15:00 +0000


Fri, 25 Apr 2025 16:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Weaknesses CWE-99

Thu, 17 Apr 2025 14:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

cvssV3_1

{'score': 5.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

threat_severity

Moderate


Wed, 16 Apr 2025 14:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/raid1,raid10: don't ignore IO flags If blk-wbt is enabled by default, it's found that raid write performance is quite bad because all IO are throttled by wbt of underlying disks, due to flag REQ_IDLE is ignored. And turns out this behaviour exist since blk-wbt is introduced. Other than REQ_IDLE, other flags should not be ignored as well, for example REQ_META can be set for filesystems, clearing it can cause priority reverse problems; And REQ_NOWAIT should not be cleared as well, because io will wait instead of failing directly in underlying disks. Fix those problems by keep IO flags from master bio. Fises: f51d46d0e7cb ("md: add support for REQ_NOWAIT")
Title md/raid1,raid10: don't ignore IO flags
References

Subscriptions

Linux Linux Kernel
cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: Linux

Published:

Updated: 2026-05-11T21:13:27.100Z

Reserved: 2024-12-29T08:45:45.823Z

Link: CVE-2025-22125

cve-icon Vulnrichment

No data.

cve-icon NVD

Status : Modified

Published: 2025-04-16T15:16:06.630

Modified: 2026-04-27T14:16:22.127

Link: CVE-2025-22125

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Moderate

Publid Date: 2025-04-16T00:00:00Z

Links: CVE-2025-22125 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

Updated: 2026-05-01T10:15:17Z

Weaknesses