CVE-2025-38331

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The NetEngine puts\n incoming packets to the buffer or series of buffers\n for a jumbo packet. With this hardware acceleration,\n IP/TCP header parsing, checksum validation and\n connection lookup are offloaded from the software\n processing.\"\n\nAfter numerous tests with the hardware locking up after\nsomething between minutes and hours depending on load\nusing iperf3 I have concluded this is necessary to stabilize\nthe hardware."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is the ordinary TX path of an ethernet driver, reached by any TCP frame the device transmits \u2014 including RSTs to closed ports and ACKs for inbound data \u2014 so a remote attacker anywhere on a routable path can drive it. Gemini/SL351x SoCs ship in internet-facing routers and NAS appliances where this is the primary network interface.\nAC:L - The trigger is sustained TCP traffic, a condition entirely under the attacker's control; the maintainer reproduced the lockup reliably with iperf3, with time-to-failure scaling directly with offered load. Nothing about the trigger depends on state the attacker cannot influence.\nPR:N - No privilege, credential, or capability check exists anywhere between packet arrival and gmac_map_tx_bufs(); even unsolicited SYNs to closed ports produce TCP RSTs that traverse the buggy path. An unauthenticated remote attacker needs no account on the device.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only that the attacker generate TCP traffic to or through the device; no victim action, configuration change, or interaction is needed.\nS:U - The lockup is confined to the kernel/device security authority of the affected system, with no crossing into another security scope such as a hypervisor or IOMMU boundary.\nC:N - The defect is a misconfigured hardware offload bit that wedges the TOE/TSO engine; no memory is over-read and no kernel data is exposed to the attacker.\nI:N - No memory corruption, out-of-bounds write, or control-flow influence results \u2014 the descriptor ring indices remain masked and the mapping-error unwind is intact. Large-frame checksum truncation was already avoided pre-fix via TSS_BYPASS_BIT plus skb_checksum_help().\nA:H - The commit states the hardware locks up and the driver becomes unstable and crashes under TCP load, and gmac_tx_timeout() only dumps DMA state without resetting the engine, so the interface stays permanently dead until reboot. This is a remotely-induced, persistent denial of service on the device's primary network path."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/cortina/gemini.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88", "lessThan": "1b503b790109d19710ec83c589c3ee59e95347ec", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88", "lessThan": "a37888a435b0737128d2d9c6f67b8d608f83df7a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88", "lessThan": "2bd434bb0eeb680c2b3dd6c68ca319b30cb8d47f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88", "lessThan": "ebe12e232f1d58ebb4b53b6d9149962b707bed91", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88", "lessThan": "6a07e3af4973402fa199a80036c10060b922c92c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/cortina/gemini.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.16", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.16", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.142", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.95", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.35", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.95"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.35"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.16", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b503b790109d19710ec83c589c3ee59e95347ec"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a37888a435b0737128d2d9c6f67b8d608f83df7a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bd434bb0eeb680c2b3dd6c68ca319b30cb8d47f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebe12e232f1d58ebb4b53b6d9149962b707bed91"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a07e3af4973402fa199a80036c10060b922c92c"}], "title": "net: ethernet: cortina: Use TOE/TSO on all TCP", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:36:39.991Z"}}]}}

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The NetEngine puts\n incoming packets to the buffer or series of buffers\n for a jumbo packet. With this hardware acceleration,\n IP/TCP header parsing, checksum validation and\n connection lookup are offloaded from the software\n processing.\"\n\nAfter numerous tests with the hardware locking up after\nsomething between minutes and hours depending on load\nusing iperf3 I have concluded this is necessary to stabilize\nthe hardware."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: ethernet: cortina: Usar TOE/TSO en todos los protocolos TCP. Es deseable que el acelerador de hardware tambi\u00e9n procese tramas TCP no segmentadas: pasamos el comando skb->len al descargador \"TOE/TSO\" y este las gestionar\u00e1. Sin esta peculiaridad, el controlador se vuelve inestable, se bloquea y se bloquea. No s\u00e9 exactamente por qu\u00e9, pero probablemente se deba a la funci\u00f3n TOE (motor de descarga TCP) que est\u00e1 acoplada a la funci\u00f3n de segmentaci\u00f3n: no es posible desactivar una parte y no la otra, ya sea que tanto TOE como TSO est\u00e9n activos, o ninguno de ellos. No tener activa la funci\u00f3n TOE parece perjudicial, como si esa funci\u00f3n de hardware no debiera estar desactivada. La hoja de datos indica: \"Con base en el an\u00e1lisis de paquetes y los resultados de la b\u00fasqueda de la conexi\u00f3n TCP/tabla NAT, NetEngine coloca los paquetes pertenecientes a la misma conexi\u00f3n TCP en la misma cola para que el software los procese. NetEngine coloca los paquetes entrantes en el b\u00fafer o en una serie de b\u00faferes para un paquete jumbo. Con esta aceleraci\u00f3n de hardware, el an\u00e1lisis de encabezados IP/TCP, la validaci\u00f3n de la suma de comprobaci\u00f3n y la b\u00fasqueda de conexi\u00f3n se descargan del procesamiento del software\". Tras numerosas pruebas con el hardware bloque\u00e1ndose despu\u00e9s de minutos u horas, dependiendo de la carga, utilizando iperf3, he concluido que esto es necesario para estabilizar el hardware."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38331", "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:07.473", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2025-07-10T09:15:27.533", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b503b790109d19710ec83c589c3ee59e95347ec"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bd434bb0eeb680c2b3dd6c68ca319b30cb8d47f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a07e3af4973402fa199a80036c10060b922c92c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a37888a435b0737128d2d9c6f67b8d608f83df7a"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebe12e232f1d58ebb4b53b6d9149962b707bed91"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: ethernet: cortina: Use TOE/TSO on all TCP", "id": "2379261", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2379261"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-38331", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38331\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38331\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025071033-CVE-2025-38331-aad6@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-07-13T11:06:31.309435+00:00", "updated": "2025-07-13T11:06:31.309584+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}