CVE-2025-68241

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-68241", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.263Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T14:21:18.682Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:24.792Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:24.792Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe\n\nThe sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() ->\nupdate_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called\nto delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.\n\nThe race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for\ndeletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the\nconcurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the\nsoon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a\nnew dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,\nthe dst reference remains permanently leaked.\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n__mkroute_output()\n find_exception() [fnheX]\n update_or_create_fnhe()\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\n\nThis issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in\ndmesg when unregistering the net device:\n\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\n\nIdo Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].\n\nThe fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes().\nSince rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents\nthe stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it\nis freed.\n\n[1]\nip netns add ns1\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\nsleep 10\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\nip netns del ns1"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - On a router with a broad IPv4 route through a GRE/SIT tunnel, unauthenticated remote packets can reach both route-cache binding and tunnel PMTU exception eviction.\nAC:L - The attacker controls destination diversity and concurrency; parallel packet streams can fill exception buckets and repeatedly trigger both sides of the race despite randomized bucket limits.\nPR:N - The remote forwarding path has no authentication or capability check. Administrative privileges are needed to configure the router and tunnel, but not by an attacker sending packets through an existing deployment.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only attacker-generated packet traffic and no action by a victim user.\nS:U - The leaked route and device references affect resources managed by the same kernel security authority and do not cross a virtualization or sandbox boundary.\nC:N - RCU keeps the stale exception allocated while it is used, so this is not a use-after-free, out-of-bounds access, or information-disclosure primitive.\nI:N - The bug loses a legitimate route reference without corrupting attacker-selected memory or enabling data modification or control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Each successful race permanently leaks an rtable and net-device reference; repeated triggering can create unbounded memory pressure, while even one leak can make device or network-namespace teardown wait indefinitely."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/route.c"], "versions": [{"version": "e46e23c289f62ccd8e2230d9ce652072d777ff30", "lessThan": "69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5867e20e1808acd0c832ddea2587e5ee49813874", "lessThan": "4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "bed8941fbdb72a61f6348c4deb0db69c4de87aca", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "f10ce783bcc4d8ea454563a7d56ae781640e7dcb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "f484595be6b7ef9d095a32becabb5dae8204fb2a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "3e6bd2b583f18da9856fc9741ffa200a74a52cba", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5ae06218331f39ec45b5d039aa7cb3ddd4bb8008", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4589a12dcf80af31137ef202be1ff4a321707a73", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5.4.146", "lessThan": "5.4.302", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.65", "lessThan": "5.10.247", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "4.4.284", "lessThan": "4.5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "4.9.283", "lessThan": "4.10", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "4.14.247", "lessThan": "4.15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "4.19.207", "lessThan": "4.20", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.13.17", "lessThan": "5.14", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.14.4", "lessThan": "5.15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/route.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.15", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.15", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.4.302", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.247", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.197", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.159", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.117", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.59", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.9", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.146", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.302"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.65", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.247"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.197"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.159"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.117"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.59"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.9"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4.284"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.9.283"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.14.247"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.207"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13.17"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14.4"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40"}], "title": "ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2026-06-16T16:24:01.270292Z", "id": "CVE-2025-68241", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T16:24:13.146Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "containers": {"adp": [{"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-68241", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-06-16T16:24:01.270292Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T16:24:08.378Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe", "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - On a router with a broad IPv4 route through a GRE/SIT tunnel, unauthenticated remote packets can reach both route-cache binding and tunnel PMTU exception eviction.\nAC:L - The attacker controls destination diversity and concurrency; parallel packet streams can fill exception buckets and repeatedly trigger both sides of the race despite randomized bucket limits.\nPR:N - The remote forwarding path has no authentication or capability check. Administrative privileges are needed to configure the router and tunnel, but not by an attacker sending packets through an existing deployment.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only attacker-generated packet traffic and no action by a victim user.\nS:U - The leaked route and device references affect resources managed by the same kernel security authority and do not cross a virtualization or sandbox boundary.\nC:N - RCU keeps the stale exception allocated while it is used, so this is not a use-after-free, out-of-bounds access, or information-disclosure primitive.\nI:N - The bug loses a legitimate route reference without corrupting attacker-selected memory or enabling data modification or control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Each successful race permanently leaks an rtable and net-device reference; repeated triggering can create unbounded memory pressure, while even one leak can make device or network-namespace teardown wait indefinitely."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "e46e23c289f62ccd8e2230d9ce652072d777ff30", "lessThan": "69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5867e20e1808acd0c832ddea2587e5ee49813874", "lessThan": "4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "lessThan": "ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "bed8941fbdb72a61f6348c4deb0db69c4de87aca", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f10ce783bcc4d8ea454563a7d56ae781640e7dcb", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f484595be6b7ef9d095a32becabb5dae8204fb2a", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3e6bd2b583f18da9856fc9741ffa200a74a52cba", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5ae06218331f39ec45b5d039aa7cb3ddd4bb8008", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4589a12dcf80af31137ef202be1ff4a321707a73", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": 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"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.15", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.4.302", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.247", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.197", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.159", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.117", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.59", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.9", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/route.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe\n\nThe sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() ->\nupdate_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called\nto delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.\n\nThe race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for\ndeletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the\nconcurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the\nsoon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a\nnew dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,\nthe dst reference remains permanently leaked.\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n__mkroute_output()\n find_exception() [fnheX]\n update_or_create_fnhe()\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\n\nThis issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in\ndmesg when unregistering the net device:\n\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\n\nIdo Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].\n\nThe fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes().\nSince rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents\nthe stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it\nis freed.\n\n[1]\nip netns add ns1\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\nsleep 10\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\nip netns del ns1"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.302", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.146"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.247", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.65"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.197", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.159", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.117", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.59", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.9", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "4.4.284"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "4.9.283"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "4.14.247"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.207"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "5.13.17"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "5.14.4"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:24.792Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-68241", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:24.792Z", "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.263Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T14:21:18.682Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/route.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca", "status": "affected", "version": "e46e23c289f62ccd8e2230d9ce652072d777ff30", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282", "status": "affected", "version": "5867e20e1808acd0c832ddea2587e5ee49813874", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1", "status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94", "status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8", "status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e", "status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0", "status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40", "status": "affected", "version": "67d6d681e15b578c1725bad8ad079e05d1c48a8e", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "bed8941fbdb72a61f6348c4deb0db69c4de87aca", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f10ce783bcc4d8ea454563a7d56ae781640e7dcb", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f484595be6b7ef9d095a32becabb5dae8204fb2a", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3e6bd2b583f18da9856fc9741ffa200a74a52cba", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5ae06218331f39ec45b5d039aa7cb3ddd4bb8008", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4589a12dcf80af31137ef202be1ff4a321707a73", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "5.4.302", "status": "affected", "version": "5.4.146", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "5.10.247", "status": "affected", "version": "5.10.65", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "4.5", "status": "affected", "version": "4.4.284", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "4.10", "status": "affected", "version": "4.9.283", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "4.15", "status": "affected", "version": "4.14.247", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "4.20", "status": "affected", "version": "4.19.207", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "5.14", "status": "affected", "version": "5.13.17", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "5.15", "status": "affected", "version": "5.14.4", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/route.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.15"}, {"lessThan": "5.15", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.4.302", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.247", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.197", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.159", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.117", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.59", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.9", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe\n\nThe sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() ->\nupdate_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called\nto delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.\n\nThe race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for\ndeletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the\nconcurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the\nsoon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a\nnew dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU,\nthe dst reference remains permanently leaked.\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n__mkroute_output()\n find_exception() [fnheX]\n update_or_create_fnhe()\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\n\nThis issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in\ndmesg when unregistering the net device:\n\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\n\nIdo Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].\n\nThe fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes().\nSince rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents\nthe stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it\nis freed.\n\n[1]\nip netns add ns1\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\nsleep 10\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\nip netns del ns1"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nipv4: route: Evitar que rt_bind_exception() reasocie fnhe obsoleto\n\nLa ruta de transmisi\u00f3n de paquetes del controlador sit llama a: sit_tunnel_xmit() -> update_or_create_fnhe(), lo que llev\u00f3 a que se llamara a fnhe_remove_oldest() para eliminar entradas que exced\u00edan FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.\n\nLa ventana de carrera se encuentra entre fnhe_remove_oldest() seleccionando fnheX para su eliminaci\u00f3n y la subsiguiente kfree_rcu(). Durante este tiempo, la ruta concurrente __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() puede obtener el fnheX que pronto ser\u00e1 eliminado, y rt_bind_exception() lo asocia entonces con un nuevo dst utilizando un dst_hold(). Cuando el fnheX original es liberado a trav\u00e9s de RCU, la referencia dst permanece permanentemente filtrada.\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n__mkroute_output()\n find_exception() [fnheX]\n update_or_create_fnhe()\n fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX]\n rt_bind_exception() [bind dst]\n RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]\n\nEste problema se manifiesta como una fuga del contador de referencias del dispositivo y una advertencia en dmesg al anular el registro del dispositivo de red:\n\n unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N\n\nIdo Schimmel proporcion\u00f3 el m\u00e9todo de validaci\u00f3n de prueba simple [1].\n\nLa soluci\u00f3n borra 'oldest -> fnhe_daddr' antes de llamar a fnhe_flush_routes(). Dado que rt_bind_exception() verifica este campo, establecerlo a cero evita que el fnhe obsoleto sea reutilizado y asociado a un nuevo dst justo antes de ser liberado.\n\n[1]\nip netns add ns1\nip -n ns1 link set dev lo up\nip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo\nip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy\nip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1\nip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \\\n local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2\nip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1\ntaskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\ntaskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \\\n -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q &\nsleep 10\nip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill\nip netns del ns1"}], "id": "CVE-2025-68241", "lastModified": "2026-10-14T13:10:00.187", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-68241", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-06-16T16:24:01.270292Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-12-16T15:15:53.283", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/041ab9ca6e80d8f792bb69df28ebf1ef39c06af8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fd16ed6dc331636fb2a874c42d2f7d3156f7ff0"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/298f1e0694ab4edb6092d66efed93c4554e6ced1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b7210da22429765d19460d38c30eeca72656282"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69d35c12168f9c59b159ae566f77dfad9f96d7ca"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac1499fcd40fe06479e9b933347b837ccabc2a40"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84f083f50ecc736a95091691339a1b363962f0e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a44407bdaf2f0c5505cc7d9fc7d8da90cf9a94"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe", "id": "2422773", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2422773"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-68241", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68241\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68241\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025121632-CVE-2025-68241-854d@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}