CVE-2026-50492

Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Published Jul 14, 2026 CVSS 3.1 · 6.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed

Description

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.

Analysis

Technical impact

The vulnerability is a heap‑based buffer overflow in the Windows Resilient File System (ReFS), classified as CWE‑122. An attacker who obtains physical access to a machine can craft a malicious ReFS volume that, when mounted, causes the overflow and allows execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the mounting process.

Affected Systems

Affected systems are Microsoft Windows 10 (versions 1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (versions 24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and the Windows Server line (2016, 2019, 2022, 2025, including Server Core). The flaw impacts ReFS on x86, x64 and ARM64 architectures as defined by the associated CPE entries.

Risk and Exploitability

The CVSS score of 6.8 indicates moderate severity, while the EPSS score of less than 1% shows a low probability of exploitation. The vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV. Exploitation requires a physical attack, such as inserting a malicious ReFS volume on the target system; no public exploit references are provided in the data.

Affected Products

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions

Microsoft

Windows 10 Version 1607

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.14393.0`	affected	< 10.0.14393.9339

Microsoft

Windows 10 Version 1809

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.17763.0`	affected	< 10.0.17763.9020

Microsoft

Windows 10 Version 21H2

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.19044.0`	affected	< 10.0.19044.7548

Microsoft

Windows 10 Version 22H2

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.19045.0`	affected	< 10.0.19045.7548

Microsoft

Windows 11 Version 24H2

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.26100.0`	affected	< 10.0.26100.8875

Microsoft

Windows 11 Version 25H2

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.26200.0`	affected	< 10.0.26200.8875

Microsoft

Windows 11 version 26H1

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.28000.0`	affected	< 10.0.28000.2525

Microsoft

Windows Server 2016

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.14393.0`	affected	< 10.0.14393.9339

Microsoft

Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.14393.0`	affected	< 10.0.14393.9339

Microsoft

Windows Server 2019

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.17763.0`	affected	< 10.0.17763.9020

Microsoft

Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.17763.0`	affected	< 10.0.17763.9020

Microsoft

Windows Server 2022

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.20348.0`	affected	< 10.0.20348.5386

Microsoft

Windows Server 2025

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.26100.0`	affected	< 10.0.26100.33158

Microsoft

Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)

affected

Version	Status	Constraints
`10.0.26100.0`	affected	< 10.0.26100.33158

Configuration 1 [-]

OR	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:::::::x86:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:::::::x86:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:::::::arm64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:::::::x86:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:::::::arm64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:::::::x86:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:::::::arm64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25h2:::::::arm64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25h2:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_26h1:::::::arm64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_26h1:::::::x64:*
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016::::::::
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019::::::::
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022::::::::
	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025::::::::

No data.

Vendor Product Versions

Microsoft

Windows 10 1607

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.14393.0,10.0.14393.9339)`	affected	generic	['32-bit_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows 10 1809

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.17763.0,10.0.17763.9020)`	affected	generic	['32-bit_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows 10 21h2

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.19044.0,10.0.19044.7548)`	affected	generic	['32-bit_systems', 'arm64-based_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows 10 22h2

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.19045.0,10.0.19045.7548)`	affected	generic	['32-bit_systems', 'arm64-based_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows 11 24h2

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.26100.0,10.0.26100.8875)`	affected	generic	['arm64-based_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows 11 25h2

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.26200.0,10.0.26200.8875)`	affected	generic	['arm64-based_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows 11 26h1

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.28000.0,10.0.28000.2525)`	affected	generic	['arm64-based_systems', 'x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2016

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.14393.0,10.0.14393.9339)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2016 (server Core Installation)

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.14393.0,10.0.14393.9339)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2019

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.17763.0,10.0.17763.9020)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2019 (server Core Installation)

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.17763.0,10.0.17763.9020)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2022

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.20348.0,10.0.20348.5386)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2025

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.26100.0,10.0.26100.33158)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Microsoft

Windows Server 2025 (server Core Installation)

Version	Status	Scheme	Platform
`[10.0.26100.0,10.0.26100.33158)`	affected	generic	['x64-based_systems']

Remediation

No solution or workaround provided in the CVE record.

OpenCVE Recommended Actions

Apply the latest Microsoft Windows patch addressing the ReFS buffer‑overflow as detailed in the referenced update guide.
If no update is available, temporarily disable ReFS on non‑essential volumes to prevent the vulnerable file system from being mounted.
Secure physical storage devices and consider full‑disk encryption to reduce the risk of an attacker inserting malicious media.

Generated by OpenCVE AI on July 31, 2026 at 07:28 UTC.

Tracking

Advisories

No advisories available

Metrics

No CVSS v4.0

Attack Vector Physical

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required None

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact High

Integrity Impact High

Availability Impact High

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

Exploit prediction score: < 1% (0.438% probability within 30 days)

Exploitation none

Automatable no

Technical Impact total

References

Link	Providers
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50492

History

Nov 11, 2026 12:15 AM First appearance in the feed. Affected vendors updated View changes

Type	Values Removed	Values Added
First Time appeared		Microsoft windows Server 2016 (server Core Installation) Microsoft windows Server 2019 (server Core Installation) Microsoft windows Server 2025 (server Core Installation)
Vendors & Products		Microsoft windows Server 2016 (server Core Installation) Microsoft windows Server 2019 (server Core Installation) Microsoft windows Server 2025 (server Core Installation)

Jul 14, 2026 8:30 PM Scoring metrics updated View changes

Type	Values Removed	Values Added
Metrics		ssvc `{'options': {'Automatable': 'no', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'total'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}`

Jul 14, 2026 5:45 PM Description updated. Title updated. First appearance in the feed. Weaknesses updated. Affected versions updated. Affected vendors updated. Added references. Scoring metrics updated View changes

Type	Values Removed	Values Added
Description		Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.
Title		Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
First Time appeared		Microsoft Microsoft windows 10 1607 Microsoft windows 10 1809 Microsoft windows 10 21h2 Microsoft windows 10 22h2 Microsoft windows 11 24h2 Microsoft windows 11 25h2 Microsoft windows 11 26h1 Microsoft windows Server 2016 Microsoft windows Server 2019 Microsoft windows Server 2022 Microsoft windows Server 2025
Weaknesses		CWE-122
CPEs		cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:::::::x86:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:::::::x86:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21H2:::::::x86:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22H2:::::::x64:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24H2:::::::arm64:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_25H2:::::::arm64:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_26H1:::::::x64:* cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:::::::: cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:::::::: cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:::::::: cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025::::::::
Vendors & Products		Microsoft Microsoft windows 10 1607 Microsoft windows 10 1809 Microsoft windows 10 21h2 Microsoft windows 10 22h2 Microsoft windows 11 24h2 Microsoft windows 11 25h2 Microsoft windows 11 26h1 Microsoft windows Server 2016 Microsoft windows Server 2019 Microsoft windows Server 2022 Microsoft windows Server 2025
References		https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50492
Metrics		cvssV3_1 `{'score': 6.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C'}`

Subscriptions

Microsoft Windows 10 1607 Windows 10 1809 Windows 10 21h2 Windows 10 21h2 Windows 10 22h2 Windows 10 22h2 Windows 11 24h2 Windows 11 24h2 Windows 11 25h2 Windows 11 25h2 Windows 11 26h1 Windows 11 26h1 Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2016 (server Core Installation) Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2019 (server Core Installation) Windows Server 2022 Windows Server 2025 Windows Server 2025 (server Core Installation)

Weaknesses