CVE-2025-71161

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Red Hat QE team\nactually created an image that pushes dm-verity to this limit - and this\nimage just makes the udev-worker process get stuck in the 'D' state.\n\n2. It doesn't work. In fec_read_bufs we store data into the variable\n\"fio->bufs\", but fio bufs is shared between recursive invocations, if\n\"verity_hash_for_block\" invoked correction recursively, it would\noverwrite partially filled fio->bufs."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - In a reasonable cloud or network-boot deployment, dm-verity data, hash, and FEC devices can be NBD-backed, allowing attacker-controlled TCP replies to supply the crafted blocks directly to the verification path.\nAC:L - A static crafted image deterministically drives FEC scanning into as many as 253^4 recursive iterations, as demonstrated by Red Hat QE. No race or uncontrollable memory layout is required.\nPR:N - DM table creation requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the initial user namespace, but that is victim-side setup. A malicious configured network-block peer requires no account or privilege on the affected system to return crafted blocks.\nUI:N - Once the mapping is active, automatic udev probing, boot-time access, or ordinary filesystem I/O triggers FEC without requiring a user action.\nS:U - The vulnerable processing and resulting availability loss occur within the same kernel security authority, without crossing a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:N - Recursive calls only clobber bounded per-I/O Reed-Solomon working data, and corrected output is cryptographically revalidated before being copied to its destination. The flaw provides no disclosure or read primitive.\nI:N - Although nested decoding corrupts outer intermediate results, the wanted digest is checked before corrected data is used, so failure produces an I/O error rather than attacker-selected data. No arbitrary-write or control-flow primitive results from this flaw.\nA:H - The crafted blocks can force approximately 4.1 billion iterations and leave I/O submitters such as udev workers blocked in uninterruptible sleep. On a boot or operational image this can prevent startup or render the device and dependent services unavailable."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.c", "drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.h", "drivers/md/dm-verity-target.c"], "versions": [{"version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "8b821ca892cfeeaf0bedc9fc72717294f67144d5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "e227d2b229c7529bd98d348efc55262ccf24ab35", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "897d9006e75f46f8bd7df78faa424327ae6a4bcf", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "4220cb37406915c926c0e4a3dbab77cd9cceeb1e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "232948cf600fba69aff36b25d85ef91a73a35756", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "d9f3e47d3fae0c101d9094bc956ed24e7a0ee801", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.c", "drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.h", "drivers/md/dm-verity-target.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.5", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.209", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.167", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.130", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.78", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.6", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.209"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.130"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", 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The flaw provides no disclosure or read primitive.\nI:N - Although nested decoding corrupts outer intermediate results, the wanted digest is checked before corrected data is used, so failure produces an I/O error rather than attacker-selected data. No arbitrary-write or control-flow primitive results from this flaw.\nA:H - The crafted blocks can force approximately 4.1 billion iterations and leave I/O submitters such as udev workers blocked in uninterruptible sleep. On a boot or operational image this can prevent startup or render the device and dependent services unavailable."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "8b821ca892cfeeaf0bedc9fc72717294f67144d5", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "e227d2b229c7529bd98d348efc55262ccf24ab35", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "897d9006e75f46f8bd7df78faa424327ae6a4bcf", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "4220cb37406915c926c0e4a3dbab77cd9cceeb1e", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "232948cf600fba69aff36b25d85ef91a73a35756", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a739ff3f543afbb4a041c16cd0182c8e8d366e70", "lessThan": "d9f3e47d3fae0c101d9094bc956ed24e7a0ee801", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.c", "drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.h", "drivers/md/dm-verity-target.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.5"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.209", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.167", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.130", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.78", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.6", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.19", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.c", "drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.h", "drivers/md/dm-verity-target.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b821ca892cfeeaf0bedc9fc72717294f67144d5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e227d2b229c7529bd98d348efc55262ccf24ab35"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/897d9006e75f46f8bd7df78faa424327ae6a4bcf"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4220cb37406915c926c0e4a3dbab77cd9cceeb1e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/232948cf600fba69aff36b25d85ef91a73a35756"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9f3e47d3fae0c101d9094bc956ed24e7a0ee801"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm-verity: disable recursive forward error correction\n\nThere are two problems with the recursive correction:\n\n1. It may cause denial-of-service. In fec_read_bufs, there is a loop that\nhas 253 iterations. For each iteration, we may call verity_hash_for_block\nrecursively. There is a limit of 4 nested recursions - that means that\nthere may be at most 253^4 (4 billion) iterations. Red Hat QE team\nactually created an image that pushes dm-verity to this limit - and this\nimage just makes the udev-worker process get stuck in the 'D' state.\n\n2. It doesn't work. In fec_read_bufs we store data into the variable\n\"fio->bufs\", but fio bufs is shared between recursive invocations, if\n\"verity_hash_for_block\" invoked correction recursively, it would\noverwrite partially filled fio->bufs."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.209", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.130", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.78", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.6", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.19", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:12:26.264Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-71161", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:39:18.126Z", "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:30:19.665Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2026-01-23T15:23:59.464Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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"vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm-verity: disable recursive forward error correction\n\nThere are two problems with the recursive correction:\n\n1. It may cause denial-of-service. In fec_read_bufs, there is a loop that\nhas 253 iterations. For each iteration, we may call verity_hash_for_block\nrecursively. There is a limit of 4 nested recursions - that means that\nthere may be at most 253^4 (4 billion) iterations. Red Hat QE team\nactually created an image that pushes dm-verity to this limit - and this\nimage just makes the udev-worker process get stuck in the 'D' state.\n\n2. It doesn't work. In fec_read_bufs we store data into the variable\n\"fio->bufs\", but fio bufs is shared between recursive invocations, if\n\"verity_hash_for_block\" invoked correction recursively, it would\noverwrite partially filled fio->bufs."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\ndm-verity: deshabilitar la correcci\u00f3n de errores hacia adelante recursiva\n\nHay dos problemas con la correcci\u00f3n recursiva:\n\n1. Puede causar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio. En fec_read_bufs, hay un bucle que tiene 253 iteraciones. Para cada iteraci\u00f3n, podemos llamar a verity_hash_for_block recursivamente. Hay un l\u00edmite de 4 recursiones anidadas, lo que significa que puede haber como m\u00e1ximo 253^4 (4 mil millones) iteraciones. El equipo de QE de Red Hat cre\u00f3 una imagen que lleva a dm-verity a este l\u00edmite, y esta imagen simplemente hace que el proceso udev-worker se quede atascado en el estado 'D'.\n\n2. No funciona. En fec_read_bufs almacenamos datos en la variable 'fio->bufs', pero fio bufs se comparte entre invocaciones recursivas; si 'verity_hash_for_block' invocara la correcci\u00f3n recursivamente, sobrescribir\u00eda los fio->bufs parcialmente llenos."}], "id": "CVE-2025-71161", "lastModified": "2026-11-10T13:18:07.253", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-71161", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:05:59.236401Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-01-23T16:15:53.000", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/232948cf600fba69aff36b25d85ef91a73a35756"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4220cb37406915c926c0e4a3dbab77cd9cceeb1e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/897d9006e75f46f8bd7df78faa424327ae6a4bcf"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b821ca892cfeeaf0bedc9fc72717294f67144d5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9f3e47d3fae0c101d9094bc956ed24e7a0ee801"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e227d2b229c7529bd98d348efc55262ccf24ab35"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-193"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-400"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: dm-verity: disable recursive forward error correction", "id": "2432401", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2432401"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-71161", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-01-23T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71161\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71161\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026012346-CVE-2025-71161-4b58@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{}