CVE-2026-89660

NFSD: Prevent client use-after-free during admin state revocation

Published Sep 11, 2026 CVSS 3.1 · 9.8 Critical EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

NFSD: Prevent client use-after-free during admin state revocation

A stateid holds only a bare pointer to its nfs4_client; a stateid
reference does not pin it. The client survives only because
__destroy_client() drains its stateids before free_client() runs.

nfsd4_revoke_states() drops nn->client_lock across revoke_one_stid(),
which dereferences the client to revoke a stateid and read
clp->cl_minorversion. A teardown racing the dropped lock can free
the client first.

Pinning cl_rpc_users under client_lock blocks the DESTROY_CLIENTID and
EXCHANGE_ID teardown, which refuses while cl_rpc_users is non-zero.
force_expire_client() ignores it: once its wait for cl_rpc_users to
reach zero has passed, a later pin goes unnoticed.

Under client_lock, skip a client whose cl_time is already zero --
force_expire_client() clears it there before waiting -- otherwise pin
cl_rpc_users before dropping the lock. The walk then either sees the
expiry and skips, or pins in time for that wait to cover the revoke.

Analysis

AI-generated

Technical impact

The flaw is in the NFS server’s state revocation logic. When an administrator triggers a revocation, the code releases a lock before the client structure is fully pinned. A state identifier holds only a bare pointer to the client, so if the client is freed first the kernel dereferences dangling memory, resulting in a use‑after‑free condition (CWE‑825). An attacker who can cause or influence such a revocation can execute arbitrary code in kernel mode or crash the system.

Affected Systems

All Linux kernel releases that do not yet contain the patch series referenced in the advisory are vulnerable. The affected code resides in the common NFS server subsystem, so the flaw applies across all supported distributions and kernel versions prior to the commit that removes the race condition.

Risk and Exploitability

The CVSS score of 9.8 indicates a critical risk for privilege escalation or denial of service. The EPSS score of <1% shows that, as of this analysis, exploitation is considered unlikely but not impossible. The vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. Because the description does not explicitly state the attack vector, it is inferred that the exploit requires local or privileged context capable of initiating an admin state revocation; thus the likely attack vector is local with elevated privileges.

Remediation

No solution or workaround provided in the CVE record.

OpenCVE Recommended Actions

  • Apply the patch that contains commit 549bd9868e9d77b07ea94870940d64342829c6ad to the NFS subsystem and rebuild the kernel
  • Upgrade the system to a Linux kernel version that includes the NFSD fix, ensuring the kernel package is refreshed from the vendor’s repository
  • If an immediate kernel upgrade is not feasible, disable the NFS server or block admin state revocation operations until the patch can be applied

Generated by OpenCVE AI on September 15, 2026 at 20:45 UTC.

Tracking

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Advisories

Source ID Title
Debian DLA Debian DLA DLA-4817-1 linux-6.12 security update
Debian DSA Debian DSA DSA-6528-1 linux security update
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-9019-1 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-9020-1 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
History
Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 8.1, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'}

cvssV3_1

{'score': 9.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'}

Type Values Removed Values Added
Weaknesses CWE-825
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

cvssV3_1

{'score': 8.1, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'}

threat_severity

Important

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSD: Prevent client use-after-free during admin state revocation A stateid holds only a bare pointer to its nfs4_client; a stateid reference does not pin it. The client survives only because __destroy_client() drains its stateids before free_client() runs. nfsd4_revoke_states() drops nn->client_lock across revoke_one_stid(), which dereferences the client to revoke a stateid and read clp->cl_minorversion. A teardown racing the dropped lock can free the client first. Pinning cl_rpc_users under client_lock blocks the DESTROY_CLIENTID and EXCHANGE_ID teardown, which refuses while cl_rpc_users is non-zero. force_expire_client() ignores it: once its wait for cl_rpc_users to reach zero has passed, a later pin goes unnoticed. Under client_lock, skip a client whose cl_time is already zero -- force_expire_client() clears it there before waiting -- otherwise pin cl_rpc_users before dropping the lock. The walk then either sees the expiry and skips, or pins in time for that wait to cover the revoke.
Title NFSD: Prevent client use-after-free during admin state revocation
First Time appeared Linux
Linux linux Kernel
CPEs cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Linux
Linux linux Kernel
References
Weaknesses
  • CWE-825

    Expired Pointer Dereference

Sources

Status
PUBLISHED
Assigner
Linux
Published
Updated
Oct 19, 2026, 8:50 AM
Reserved
Sep 11, 2026, 7:38 PM
Status
Received
Published
Sep 11, 2026, 8:19 PM
Modified
Oct 19, 2026, 9:18 AM
Severity
Important
Public date
Sep 11, 2026, 7:45 PM